定义：强调是一种修辞，是为了突出表达说话者的意愿和情感而使用的一种形式。常见的强调可以借助语法手段和词汇两种形式。
1. 强调句型It is/was +被强调部分+ that (who)...
该强调句型可以强调主语、宾语、状语及主语和宾语补语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who替换,强调的宾语是人，that可以用whom替换。如:
I met John at school yesterday. 可以分别变成以下几种形式分别强调不同的句子成分：
It was I who/that met John at school yesterday.
昨天在学校遇见约翰的是我。
It was John who/that /whom I met at school yesterday.
昨天我在学校遇见的是约翰。
It was at school that I met John yesterday.
昨天我是在学校遇见的约翰。
It was yesterday that I met John at school.
玛丽是昨天在公园遇见了约翰。
It was a long time ago that this numbering and comparing of things began. (Unit 9, Text B)
这种将物体编号和比较的方法在很久之前就开始了。
这一强调句型也可用于疑问句中，用来强调疑问词。例如：
Who was it that I met at school yesterday?
昨天我在学校遇见的是谁？
Where was it that I met John yesterday?
昨天我在哪遇见了约翰？
What is it that makes others listen and pay attention to their words? (Unit 8, Text B)
哪些因素有助于听众倾听并留意讲演内容呢？
请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！
【单选题】17.It was in the park______ Mary met John yesterday.
【答案】D
【解析】该题考查的是It is/was +被强调部分＋that这一句型。意为：昨天，Mary和John是在公园里相遇的。此处强调的是地点。
【知识点】强调句型It is/was +被强调部分+that…
2. what引导从句进行强调
（1）what引导的主语从句，用来强调谓语动词或表语。
例如：
What they could only do was stay there.
他们能做的就是呆在那儿。
What we need now is money.
我们现在需要的是钱。
What they do have is resonance. (Unit 8, Text B)
他们能够引起观众的共鸣。
（2）what引导的表语从句用来强调主语。
例如：
To stay there was what they could only do.
呆在那儿是他们唯一能做的。
Money is what we need now.
钱正是我们所需要的。
历年真题
To stay there waiting was ______ they could only do.
A．how
B．what
C．/
D．that
【答案】B
【解析】此题考得就是what引导的表语从句，用来强调主语。意为：呆在那儿等着是他们唯一能做的。
此题其实是从课本139页改编来的。课本原句为：
To stay there and wait was what they could only do.
请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！
【单选题】18.________ we can’t get seems better than __________ we have.
【答案】A
【解析】此题考查的是what引导的主语从句表示强调。只是此处出现了两个what引导的主语从句进行比较。意为：我们得不到的总是比我们有了的好。
【知识点】what引导从句进行强调
3. 助动词do表示强调
（1）助动词do(does/did) 放在要强调的谓语动词之前，来加强语气。这一用法必须符合以下条件：a. 在肯定句中；b. 谓语动词为一般现在时（do, does）或一般过去时(did)。例如：
I do hope you can pass the exam.
我的确希望你能通过考试。
She did pass the exam as she was expected.
如同她被期望的那样，她果真通过考试了。
What they do have is resonance. (Unit 8, Text B)
他们能够引起观众的共鸣。
American women do have varied and complex concerns. (Unit 10, Text A)
美国妇女确实有各种各样的复杂事情要关心。
（2）do也可用于祈使句中，使语气更强烈。例如：
Do tell me the truth!
请一定告诉我真相！
请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！
【单选题】19.---- Jack dances every day.
---- That’s true. He _____ like dancing.
【答案】A
【解析】此题考查助动词do表示强调。前者说:杰克每天都跳舞。后者响应到：对呀。他的确是很爱跳舞。因为主语是第三人称单数，又是现在时，所以用does。
【知识点】助动词do表示强调
4. 双重否定表示强调
（1）本应是肯定句，却用双重否定的句式来强调语气。例如：
None of us dislike the story.
我们没有一个人不喜欢（都喜欢）这个故事的。
We will never stop unless we finish the job.
除非完成工作，否则我们不会停止。
（2）有一些句型没有两个否定词，但却有着双重否定的含义。如：can’t but，can’t…too， nothing/nobody but， never…too， no sooner…than，hardly/scarcely…when(倒装,P96)，none other than等。
例如：
I can’t but face the reality.
我只能面对现实。
No sooner had he entered the classroom than the bell rang.
他刚进教室，铃就响了。
The new arrival is none other than the monitor.
刚来的不是别人正是班长。
ever表示强调
ever的用法有两种：作为副词的ever和作为后缀的－ever。
（1）当ever作副词使用表示强调要用在一般疑问句和否定句中。
例如：
Has she ever been to Shanghai?
她曾经到过上海吗？
Nothing bad ever happened to him.
并没有坏事发生在他身上。
（2）在whatever, whenever, wherever, however, whyever等词中，-ever 作疑问词后缀，表示“究竟”或“无论”。也可分开作what ever, when ever 等。例如：
Where ever did you last see my dictionary?
你上次究竟在哪看到我的字典？
Using simple vocabulary and expressions whenever possible. (Unit 8, Text A)
只要有可能就要用简单的词汇和表达方式。
请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！
【单选题】20.I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have _____ heard of her.
【答案】B
【解析】该题考查的是ever表示强调，此时去掉ever，句子结构依然完整。句意为：我认为她很出名，但是我的朋友竟没人认识她。
【知识点】ever表示强调
（3）副词ever用在“than”和“as…as” 等表示比较的句子中，以加强语气。例如：
She works harder than ever (before).
她比以前更努力了。
He is as great a writer as ever lived. (=He is the greatest writer than ever lived.)
他是世界上最伟大的作家。
With the computer, the ideas of today’s scientists can be studied, tested, distributed, and used more rapidly than ever before. (Unit 9, Text B)
有了电子计算机，当代科学家们的设想可以比先前更迅速地为人研究、验证、传播和运用。
Then, summer came and it was time to work harder than ever. (Unit 13，Text B)
但等暑假到来时，我得拼命去打工。
（4）if ever引导从句，加强语气。例如：
He seldom, if ever, makes mistakes in doing his homework.
他的作业即使出错也是极少的。
If you ever go there, bring my best regards to his family.
如果你真要去那儿的话，替我向他的家人问好。
religious------religion n.
celebrate------celebration n.
ornament------ornamental adj.
decorate-------decoration n.
originate------original adj.
speedy------speed n.
1. It was not until the 4th century that the church in Rome began to celebrate Christmas. ―P116
not until: 直到…才
这是一个强调句型。
not until 引导状语从句置于句首，主句要用部分倒装。例如：
Not until I saw the score did I realize I hadn't worked hard.
直到我看到分数,我才意识到自己没有努力学习。
2. In the sled are toys for all the good children.――P117
介词短语置于句首，句子要完全倒装。
3. Many towns have very large Christmas trees set up outdoors in the parks.――P118
have …set up是have sth. done的用法，这里的sth.是被动完成的。
4． The air is filled with Christmas songs, and the stores are decorated in red and green, the traditional Christmas colors.――P118
be filled with: 被……充满
in red and green, 注意用什么颜色用的是介词in。
plentiful------plenty n.
regretful------regret v./n.
luxury------luxurious adj.
proclaim------proclamation n.
obligation------oblige v.
intention------intend v.
customary------custom n.
remembrance------remember v.
settler------settle v.
1. The winter was much colder than they were used to and many people died.――P127
much colder：much修饰比较级。
此处be used to 表示“对……已感到习惯，习惯于”，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词，即be used to sth./doing sth.。
区别：used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事，但如今已不存在。
2. The states were under no obligation to accept the proclamation. ――P129
under no obligation: 没有义务
under obligation：有义务
3. The table is always loaded with many different kinds of delicious food. ――P129
餐桌上有各种佳肴。(2005.7 Translation from Chinese into English)
固定用法be loaded with: 装着
请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！
【单选题】21. The houses on the street _____ I ______ had been torn down and replaced by office buildings.
【答案】B
【解析】句意为： 我曾经住过的那条街上的房子已被拆掉。该题考查了两点，一是表示地点的词在where前面做先行词，此时where引导的是定语从句，二是used to do sth.表示过去常做某事，所以选B。
【知识点】used to do/used to doing
effective 有效的------ineffective 无效的------effectively adv. 有效地
smoothly------smooth adj.
appreciate------appreciation n.
dramatic------drama n.
enjoyable------enjoy v.
1. We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life.――P141
生活中我们都会有被邀请就某一问题做演讲的时候。
call upon：要求，号召，拜访
历年真题
We are all _____to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a good job.
A．called in
B．called out
C．called upon
D．called forward
【答案】C
【解析】call in召集，召来; call out唤起，出动，大声叫唤; call forward呼叫转移，邀请或命令（某人）站到前面来。
2. Here are some simple steps to take a pain out of speech-making. ――P141
下面是一些解除演讲痛苦的几个简单的步骤。(Translation)
副词here置于句首，句子要完全倒装。
3. Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech.――P141
在你准备演讲时，要设身处地为他们着想。(Translation)
put oneself in one’s shoes: 处于某人的位置
4. Do you want them to vote for Candidate A? ――P142
你想要他们投票支持候选人甲吗？
vote for sb./sth.:投票赞成
seemingly------seem v.
breathily------breathe v.------breath n.
confident------confidence n.
beneficial------benefit n./v.
distinctly------distinct adj.
forceful------force n./v.
response------respond v.
failing------fail v./n.
talkative------talk v.
intensity------intense adj.
annoyance------annoy v.------annoyed adj.
irritation------irritate v.------irritable adj.
ignore------ignorance n.------ignorant adj.
directive------direct adj./v.
1. What is it that makes others listen and pay attention to their words?――P150
是什么有助于听众倾听并留意演讲内容呢？
这句话是It is +被强调部分＋that 的疑问句形式。
What they do have is resonance. 他们的确能引起听众的共鸣。――P150
这句话是用了两种强调，一是what引导的主语从句表强调，二是do表示强调。
2. Words delivered in a monotone soon became just that-monotonous.――P151
翻译：用单调乏味的语音进行讲话很快就会令人厌倦。
delivered是过去分词做后置定语。
3. You have two choices: give up the fight and put up with the situation as it is, or make your request again.――P152
put up with:忍受
as it is：事实上，既然如此
I have to leave it as it is. 我只好随它去了。
I don't like him. As it is, I hate him. 我不喜欢他。事实上，我恨他。
历年真题
The working conditions in this factory are so terrible that the workers can no longer _______ them.
A．come up with
B．put up with
C．take on with
D．put on with
【答案】B
【解析】come up with提出；想出；赶上
broaden------broad adj.------breadth n.
efficient------inefficient无效率的，效率低的------efficiency n.
underestimate------overestimate------estimate v.
recognition------recognize v.
1. The variety of activities on the web is broadening at an amazing rate.――P160
at a rate: 以...的速度,以...的比率
2.Electronic commerce notches up month by month.――P161
翻译：电子商务每月都在扩展。(Translation)
notch up: 扩展，完成，创下，达到
3. It is not available at a reasonable price. ――P161
at … price: 以…的价格
at a price: 以（相当）高的价格
at any price：不惜任何代价
注意：如果说价格贵，不能用expensive，而要用high。
历年真题
With the rise of the production cost, eggs are now sold _____price.
A．for a higher
B．for a more expensive
C．at a higher
D．at a more expensive
【答案】C
【解析】此题考查的是以什么样的价格这一用法，注意要用介词at，在这句话中结合题意来看，是想说以价格贵，“贵”修饰价格时，只能用high，不能用expensive，所以选C。
4. The boundary between a television set and a PC will be blurred.――P162
翻译：电视与电脑之间的界限将会变得模糊起来。(2009.4, 2010.4, Translation from Chinese into English)
此处注意blur这个词，其形容词或过去式，过去分词都是双写r加ed这种形式。
civilization------civilize v.
complex------complexity n.
calculation------calculate v.
continuous------continue v.
boldly------bold adj.
distribute------distribution n.
1. Man has always been interested in extending the range of his senses and the power of his mind.――P170
be interested in sth./doing sth.: 对…感兴趣 ；对做某事感兴趣
2. When craftsmen exchanged cloth or pots for the grain, stones were taken away from the piles.――P170
exchange A for B: 把A换成B；用A换B
3. With the computer, the ideas of today's scientists can be studied, tested, distributed, and used more rapidly than ever before.――P171注意此句话4个动词的意思。
翻译：有了计算机，当代科学家们的想法可以比先前更迅速的为人们研究、验证、传播和运用。
(2006.7 Translation from Chinese into English)